Introduction: Providing Context (1 paragraph)
Grab the readers’ attention, for example, with a quote or interesting fact about the issue you are addressing in the paper.
Provide background information explaining the issue or the controversy around the issue. In other words, describe the problem and the various perspectives people have on the issue. These are things that readers should know before they dive into your argument.
Establish your position with a focused thesis statement, which should include the issue (topic), claim (the stand you take on the issue), and reasons to support your claim. Make sure your claim is arguable.
When you think of reasons, think of them as because clauses attached to your claim. Suppose you are examining the issue “Should the government legalize hard drugs such as heroin and cocaine?” Here is one way the claim can be expressed with because clauses:
The government should not legalize heroin and cocaine because
legalizing these drugs will lead to an increase in drug users and addicts.
doing so will send the message that it is acceptable to use hard drugs.
Below are examples of thesis statements:
The arts should be required as core classes in K-12 because they help students develop self-esteem, thinking and listening skills, discipline, and coordination.
Children of illegal immigrants need to be provided with basic human services such as health care and schooling so that they do not miss out on important aspects of their development.
Body Paragraphs: Developing Your Argument (Use the MEAL Plan) (at least 3 paragraphs)
Support your claim by reasons and evidence.
Once you have solid reasons, find evidence to support each reason. Research and find facts, statistics, expert opinion, or examples.
Use the sources in the form of a direct quote, summary, or paraphrase. Avoid excessive quoting; try to summarize and/or paraphrase. Please do not let outside research to overwhelm your writing; limit it to 20%-25% of your paper. Otherwise, your voice will not come through.
Incorporate all outside sources smoothly using signal phrases (e.g. According to X . . . or Y argues that . . . ).
Explain how your evidence supports your reasons and your claim.
Whether you are putting information in your own words or quoting it directly, you need to cite your sources both in the paper and in the works cited page. If you don’t cite your sources, it’s plagiarism!
Addressing Counterarguments (1 paragraph)
Address what the other side claims. Discuss some of their claims and evidence they provide for their claims. Doing this will help you establish your credibility.
Refuting Counterarguments (1 paragraph)
Respond to the counterargument by giving sound reasons and evidence to prove that the other side’s claim is untrue. You demonstrate the weaknesses of or flaws in their claim.
Concede to or accept if the other side’s claim is valid as well.
Doing this will help you establish your credibility.
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